IntroductionIncorporating technology in cognitive interventions represents an innovation, making them more accessible, flexible, and cost-effective. This will not be feasible without adequate user-technology fit. Bearing in mind the importance of developing cognitive interventions whose technology is appropriate for elderly people with cognitive impairment, the objective of this systematic review was to find evidence about usability and user experience measurements and features of stimulation, training, and cognitive rehabilitation technologies for older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.MethodThe Medline, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, (...) and PsycINFO databases were searched for literature published in the last 10 years, and three researchers independently reviewed potentially eligible studies, following specific inclusion criteria. A systematic review of the studies was conducted, presenting a qualitative synthesis of usability and UX measures with their outcomes, study characteristics and features of the cognitive intervention technologies.ResultsTen studies were selected: five were cognitive stimulation and five were cognitive training. Most of them were computer-based programs with a serious game format. Efficiency and effectiveness were the most frequent measurements used for collecting objective usability data, showing that elderly people with cognitive impairment require more time and help but can complete tasks. Regarding UX or subjective usability data, questionnaires and scales were the most used methods, reporting positive experience despite certain difficulties with the interface in five studies.ConclusionMeasuring usability and UX in cognitive intervention technologies for older adults with MCI or dementia provides an integrated view that can contribute to their development according to the needs and characteristics of the target population. More research is required to include this population group in usability and UX studies, as well as standardized tools and consensus on the relationship of these terms to guarantee the future effectiveness of cognitive intervention technologies.Review registrationThis review was registered in the PROSPERO International Register of Systematic Review Protocols. (shrink)

Theoretically, a positive environment (PE) includes (a) tangible and intangible resources that satisfy human needs, (b) enablers of healthy, pro-social, and pro-environmental behaviors that guarantee socio-environmental quality and wellbeing, and (c) environmental challenges that must be faced and solved. One of the most salient challenges is the global COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to investigate whether PEs can stimulate responsible actions (i.e., self-care and precautionary behaviors against COVID-19), while maintaining personal wellbeing. Nine hundred and forty-nine Mexicans participated in an online (...) survey encompassing five primary factors: resources, enablers, challenges, responsible health behaviors, and wellbeing. The first three factors examine “resources” such as physical infrastructure as well as family and social support, “enablers” which include information about protective health practices and perceived legitimacy of authorities in handling the pandemic, and “challenges” encompassing threat perception and social pressure to not engage in precautionary measures. Participants also self-reported hedonic wellbeing as well as self-care and precautionary behaviors, which formed the “responsible (health) behavior” factor. Structural equations model (n= 714 after list-wise deletion) showed that “resources,” “challenges,” and “enablers” form a second-order factor, “positive environments,” and this factor strongly covaries with “responsible behavior” and “wellbeing.” These results suggest that PEs are not only buffers against the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic but can also stimulate effective responses against a threat while maintaining individual wellbeing. These results can be used to inform the development and maintenance of PE frameworks aimed at minimizing the spread of COVID-19 and encouraging mental and physical health. (shrink)

A lo largo de la siguiente conversación se discutirán algunas de las condiciones e implicaciones que acompañan a la noción de exilio, tanto para la historia del pasado como para su representación desde el presente. La categoría de exilio —como forma de extraterritorialidad— ha jugado un rol central en la reflexión del historiador italiano Enzo Traverso. Desde la perspectiva que nos ofrece, el exilio no fue solo una condición compartida por las masas y los intelectuales del pasado siglo. Al contrario, (...) el potencial semántico de esta categoría refleja las tensiones diacrónicas y sincrónicas que surgen cuando nos enfrentamos a los problemas de nuestro pretérito y nuestro presente. Su generalización, al fin y al cabo, nos permite apreciar algunos rasgos básicos del siglo XXI. Sobre esta multiplicidad de significados del exilio gira el texto que presentamos. (shrink)

Apart from emphasising Professor Humberto Baquero Moreno's vast scientific pro- duction, as well as his remarkable enthusiasm for teaching, an activity he never abandoned even when he was given the opportunity to do so, this brief intervention is also a tribute to his relevant services to the Portuguese culture, as director of the Oporto's District Archives and National Archives of "Torre do Tombo", as well as his dedication to the administration, scientific research and internationalisation of the Faculty of Arts (...) and their relevance for the whole University of Oporto. (shrink)

This book is a study of ancient views about 'moral luck'. It examines the fundamental ethical problem that many of the valued constituents of a well-lived life are vulnerable to factors outside a person's control, and asks how this affects our appraisal of persons and their lives. The Greeks made a profound contribution to these questions, yet neither the problems nor the Greek views of them have received the attention they deserve. This book thus recovers a central dimension of Greek (...) thought and addresses major issues in contemporary ethical theory. One of its most original aspects is its interrelated treatment of both literary and philosophical texts. The Fragility of Goodness has proven to be important reading for philosophers and classicists, and its non-technical style makes it accessible to any educated person interested in the difficult problems it tackles. This new edition features an entirely new preface by Martha Nussbaum. (shrink)

ResumoNeste artigo discuto o conceito de “A descolonização da enfermagem”, respondendo que é este processo, como e quando deve ser levado a cabo. Introduzo a ideia de domínio epistemológico e os conceitos de colonização e descolonização do conhecimentos na enfermagem. Descrevo as minhas experiências desde minha origem na América Latina e me confrontar com a academia anglo‐saxónica para discutir conhecimentos disciplinares de enfermagem e forneço reflexões sobre a descolonização da língua de enfermagem.

One important limitation of the current renditions of interpretivism is that its emphasis on the moral dimension of sport has overlooked the aesthetic dimension lying at the core of this account of sport. The interpretivist’s failure to acknowledge and consider the aesthetic implicitly distances this realm from the moral. Marcia Muelder Eaton calls this distancing the separatist mistake. This paper argues that interpretivism presupposes not only moral but also aesthetic principles and values. What it sets out to demonstrate is that (...) interpretivism is an integralist, or nonseparatist, account of sport, one in which ethical and aesthetic values are not exclusive. Making explicit and specifying interpretivism’s combined moral-aesthetic approach to sport not only helps to better distinguish the whole range of values that make up sport as well as their interconnection but also encourages sportspeople to pursue more coherent sport and, thus, more enriching lives. (shrink)

A revolutionary new theory and call to action on animal rights, ethics, and law from the renowned philosopher Martha C. Nussbaum.

De se attitudes seem to play a special role in action and cognition. This raises a challenge to the traditional way in which mental attitudes have been understood. In this chapter, we review the case for thinking that de se attitudes require special theoretical treatment and discuss various ways in which the traditional theory can be modified to accommodate de se attitudes.

This paper aims at offering an interpretation and critique of Odo Marquard’s philosophy regarding his analysis on the complex relationship between past and present within our regimen of historicity. By resorting to the conceptual tools of philosophy of history and by delving further into Marquard’s notion of “compensation” and his interpretation of modernity, this paper explores the different layers sourrounding his approach to the philosophical problem of historical time. Such interpretation will bring new light into the potentialities and weaknesses of (...) Marquard’s philosophy. El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es el de ofrecer una interpretación y crítica del pensamiento filosófico de Odo Marquard, con especial atención a la potencialidad heurística de su análisis para interpretar las complejas relaciones entre pasado y presente que se proyectan desde nuestro régimen de historicidad. Desde el ámbito de la filosofía de la historia contemporánea, profundizaremos en su noción de “compensación” y en su interpretación de la modernidad para explorar los diferentes estratos que subyacen a la aproximación de Marquard al problema del tiempo histórico. Ello nos permitirá sacar a la luz tanto las fortalezas de su análisis como sus debilidades. (shrink)

A pathbreaking new study of women and morality How do people decide what is "good" and what is "bad"? How does a society set moral guidelines -- and what happens when the behavior of various groups differs from these guidelines? Martha Saxton tackles these and other fascinating issues in Being Good , her history of the moral values prescribed for women in early America. Saxton begins by examining seventeenth-century Boston, then moves on to eighteenth-century Virginia and nineteenth-century St. Louis. (...) Studying women throughout the life cycle -- girls, young unmarried women, young wives and mothers, older widows -- through their diaries and personal papers, she also studies the variations due to different ethnicities and backgrounds. In all three cases, she is able to show how the values of one group conflicted with or developed in opposition to those of another. And, as the women's testimonies make clear, the emotional styles associated with different value systems varied. A history of American women's moral life thus gives us a history of women's emotional life as well. In lively and penetrating prose, Saxton argues that women's morals changed from the days of early colonization to the days of westward expansion, as women became at once less confined and less revered by their men -- and explores how these changes both reflected and affected trends in the nation at large. (shrink)

Resumen El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es el de analizar la representación que realiza la filósofa española María Zambrano del mito de Antígona y proyectarla en los debates contemporáneos en torno a la recuperación de los cuerpos de víctimas humanas en contextos post-violencia. Más allá del entramado lingüístico mítico-religioso en el que La tumba de Antígona parece situarse, desentrañaremos los diferentes estratos semánticos y filosóficos subyacentes a la relectura que Zambrano propone de la heroína tebana. Ello nos permitirá destacar (...) la potencialidad política subversiva del gesto de Antígona al abarcar a sujetos históricos tradicionalmente marginados del espacio público. Abstract This article aims to analyzing and projecting María Zambrano's representation of Antigone’s myth within contemporary debates about the recovery of the bodies of human victims in post-violence contexts. Beyond the mythic-religious framework in which The Tomb of Antigone seems to be located, it will be unraveled the different semantic and philosophical layers underlying Zambrano's re-reading of the Theban heroine. This will pave the way towards highlighting the subversive political potential of Antigone's gesture by embracing historical subjects traditionally marginalized from the public space. (shrink)

Shepherd propounds a theory of mind with a fair claim to be better than Hume’s at explaining the sources of commonly held human beliefs about causal necessity due largely to her relational theory of sense perception. In comparison with Hume’s account, it incorporates a more sophisticated treatment of mental representation, especially the role of relational structure and logical form. Most important, perhaps, Shepherd’s theory enforces the division, obscured by Hume, between the evidence of necessity and the metaphysical foundation of necessity.

El propósito de este artículo es el de indagar en los presupuestos conceptuales e históricos subyacentes al perdón colectivo. Dada la naturaleza híbrida – entre lo ético y lo político - de esta noción, diversos autores la han conceptualizado integrándola o bien en las prácticas de legitimación de la soberanía o, al contrario, en un espacio ético incompatible con las relaciones políticas. Ambas interpretaciones niegan la posibilidad de un perdón colectivo auténtico en el espacio público. Frente a ambas aproximaciones, reconstruiremos (...) diferentes argumentos para defender la fertilidad de dicha práctica ética en el interior de los procesos recientes de justicia transicional. (shrink)

It is common in contemporary sport to liken the notion of the team to that of the family. That is, the family is used to evoke team life. Portraying the team as a family usually implies a positive evaluation. Despite its prevalence, the team as a family equation has not been analyzed in the sport philosophy literature. Thus, the purpose of this article is twofold. First, it explores whether the team is to be equated with the family. To discuss the (...) nature of the family and the team, I draw together the work of several sport philosophers with that of Laura Wildemann Kane. Second, and considering what characterizes the team, this article investigates whether teammates have special responsibilities to one another by virtue of their relationship and the value attached to it. I propose that the team as a family equation does not align with the constitution of these two social groups and that teammates have special responsibilities to one another, but such responsibilities are different from those observed in the family. (shrink)

This study argues both that the proofs are ultimately unconvincing and that Plato was aware of the problems. The Phaedo is shown as a truly dialectical philosophical conversation about the immortality of the soul.

Call ‘a substance’ a person who is at home in a relatively stable and unified sense-making framework: a social structure that to some degree specifies which categories are important for interpreting reality, which goals are worth pursing, which character traits are admirable, etc. Call ‘an accident’ a person who is not at home in one such framework. It is tempting to think that being a substance is preferable, but I present some considerations for thinking otherwise. Mexican philosophers Emilio Uranga and (...) Jorge Portilla, I argue, present notions of accidentality as decolonial tools. Uranga’s account enables Mexicans to have positive valuation of their being independently of the approving gaze of the colonizers and their standards of value. Portilla’s thought distinguishes between pernicious accidentality resulting from the disintegration of sense-making frameworks and authentic accidentality as a condition for freedom, self-creation, and ultimately for individual and communal liberation. (shrink)

This paper explores the challenges posed by the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence specifically Large Language Models (LLMs). I show that traditional linguistic theories and corpus studies are being outpaced by LLMs’ computational sophistication and low perplexity levels. In order to address these challenges, I suggest a focus on language as a cognitive tool shaped by embodied-environmental imperatives in the context of Agentive Cognitive Construction Grammar. To that end, I introduce an Embodied Human Language Model (EHLM), inspired by Active Inference (...) research, as a promising alternative that integrates sensory input, embodied representations, and adaptive strategies for contextualized analysis and conceptual utility maximization. By incorporating Active Inference, which sees perception as inferring the world's state from sensory data, the findings reveal that the characterization of the English modal be able to, as a triadic construction encoding biological intelligent agency, introduces a more plausible theoretical basis for the positing of linguistic constructions. This emphasizes the crucial role of embodied human language models in the comprehension of how humans construct preferred futures through language. (shrink)

This paper aims at delving further into historical and philosophical assumptions underlying Jose Gaos’s notion of “transtierro”. After going into exile and being settled in México in 1938, the Spanish philosopher coined the term “transtierro” so as to grasp the nature of Spanish diaspora in the new country. By bringing light into the extent to which the Mexican authorities support the arrival and settlement of the refuges after the Spanish Civil War, “transtierro” contributes to reframing the exile as a non-traumatic (...) experience. Moreover, due to the bonds between Spain and Mexico, the experience “transtierro” is shaped by Gaos as the transition between one fatherland to the other. Against the backdrop of such reading, this paper goes further into the flaws and historical bias underlying the concept of “transtierro”. By echoing different readings and through the lens of trauma theory this paper provides both an interpretation and a critique of “transtierro”’s potentiality when it comes to underscore new collective identities in the exile and to overcome the traumatic legacies enforced migration use to bring about. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic-induced worldwide contingency has significantly disrupted the way education has been delivered, going through a crucial period of change and adaptation. But how does this dynamic impact both students’ and teachers’ educational process? This research on the teaching of renewable energies at the higher education level in engineering programs reveals the main challenges to this transformation as well as how they were overcome. The methodology is qualitative with two-way dynamic reflection, between the facts and their interpretation, and impacts (...) 130 engineering students, from all of Colombia’s regions. Among the main results, six challenges stand out, which were addressed through different strategies. (shrink)

The development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the best documented examples of contemporary biological evolution. Variability in the mechanisms of resistance depends on the diversity of genotypes in the huge bacterial populations, and also on the diversity of selective pressures that are produced along the antibiotic concentration gradients formed in the highly compartmentalized human body during therapy. These antibiotic gradients can be conceived as comprising selective compartments, each one of them defined as the concentration able to select (...) a particular genetic variant. In vitro experimental models confirm that some antibiotic resistant variants are selected only at certain selective concentrations of antibiotics. The correspondence between selective compartments and selectable variants could offer a way of describing more accurately the antibiotic selective landscapes and for taking measures to prevent the development of a major threat to the future of modern medicine. (shrink)

The development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the best documented examples of contemporary biological evolution. Variability in the mechanisms of resistance depends on the diversity of genotypes in the huge bacterial populations, and also on the diversity of selective pressures that are produced along the antibiotic concentration gradients formed in the highly compartmentalized human body during therapy. These antibiotic gradients can be conceived as comprising selective compartments, each one of them defined as the concentration able to select (...) a particular genetic variant. In vitro experimental models confirm that some antibiotic resistant variants are selected only at certain selective concentrations of antibiotics. The correspondence between selective compartments and selectable variants could offer a way of describing more accurately the antibiotic selective landscapes and for taking measures to prevent the development of a major threat to the future of modern medicine. (shrink)

El propósito del presente artículo es el de desarrollar y proyectar una interpretación de la filosofía de la historia elaborada por el pensador donostiarra Eugenio Ímaz. Dicha exposición estará dirigida al objetivo de explicitar cómo el optimismo histórico de Ímaz basado en la noción de utopía lidió con los trágicos acontecimientos que aquel vivió durante los años treinta en España. En este sentido, la confianza de Eugenio Ímaz en el régimen republicano se vio fracturada por los acontecimientos bélicos que le (...) llevaron al exilio. Esta lectura nos permitirá apreciar cómo la metabolización de estos eventos desde el marco de su teoría de la historia coadyuvó a un agotamiento de la noción de utopía que nos permite vincular el horizonte histórico e intelectual de Ímaz con el contexto europeo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This paper aims to offer both an interpretation and a critique of the epistemological foundations underlying one of the most recent approaches to trauma studies: cultural trauma theory. After the First World War, the founding father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, inquired into whether his diagnostic of “traumatic neurosis” could shed light on how collectives deal with unsettling experiences and memories. Throughout the intervening decades, Freud´s insights into collective trauma have attracted the interest of scholars from various disciplines within the (...) humanities and social sciences, from literary studies to historiography, memory studies, and, finally – the focus of this paper – cultural and social theory. By underlining the ways in which the proponents of cultural trauma theory – Jeffrey Alexander, Neil Smelzer, Piotr Sztompka, Bernhard Giesen, and Ron Eyerman – have reframed Freudian ideas regarding the transmission of legacies of collective suffering, the paper considers whether the notion of trauma can be extended to the analysis of cultures and societies. It explores the ambivalent relationship between psychoanalysis and contemporary cultural trauma theory to disclose the theoretical assumptions and weaknesses of the latter. (shrink)

La resolución 466 de 2007, promulgada por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional, representa un avatar sin precedentes en la institucionalización de la Ciencia Política en Colombia. Aunque avanza en la definición de las características específicas de calidad y desarrollo de los programas en materia de metodología, sin embargo no logra establecer una diferenciación clara entre los programas de ciencias sociales. Por esta razón, el presente artículo indaga por la especificidad disciplinar de la Ciencia Política, a partir de la revisión de (...) los métodos de investigación, en los programas de pregrado de las universidades de Bogotá. Para este efecto, está dividido en dos partes: primero, una revisión de la discusión epistemológica sobre los métodos de la disciplina en Francia e Inglaterra; y segundo, una revisión de los contenidos y la bibliografía de los syllabus de metodología de los programas de ciencias sociales de las universidades de Bogotá. Al final, se espera demostrar que no existen métodos específicos de Ciencia Política sino métodos genéricos para las ciencias sociales. (shrink)

El presente trabajo busca puntuar algunas características y usos políticos de la noción de sentido común desde el pensamiento de Michel Foucault. A partir de una breve comparación con la perspectiva gramsciana del sentido común, se intenta especialmente atender a dos cuestiones: por un lado, qué estatuto epistémico se le da al conocimiento general presente en la vida cotidiana y, por otro, qué vínculo respecto a él se sostiene, o bien bajo la figura del “intelectual orgánico”, o bien el estilo (...) foucaulteano del “intelectual específico”. Desde allí, se intenta situar alcances y limitaciones de la noción desde una perspectiva foucaulteana. (shrink)

El objetivo del artículo es presentar una interpretación diacrónica del pensamiento de Hayden White, resaltando sus líneas directrices y las diferentes discontinuidades por las que transita su obra. Vamos a defender que los cambios que experimenta su teoría deben interpretarse tomando como marco las variaciones de las relaciones entre la dimensión retórica y la ético-política, ya que la primera resulta prioritaria al inicio de su obra y la segunda al final. A su vez, trataremos de justificar que estos cambios son (...) una consecuencia de las alteraciones en su teoría del lenguaje. Nos referimos concretamente a modificaciones derivadas del énfasis en el carácter performativo de la función poética del discurso histórico. (shrink)

El objetivo de este texto es presentar una interpretación sobre las condiciones e implicaciones de la cultura de la memoria que, desde los años ochenta, caracteriza las relaciones que mantienen las sociedades occidentales con su pasado. A partir del ámbito de la filosofía de la historia, pero retomando instrumentos conceptuales de otros campos, interpretamos los límites de este énfasis en el pasado en función de las peculiaridades de los soportes materiales que lo han hecho posible. Dicha tesis rechaza la comprensión (...) de este boom de memoria como una tentativa para establecer una relación premoderna con el pasado o como una mera reacción a la crisis del futuro, evidenciada a finales del siglo xx. Lo interpretamos, más bien, como un contramovimiento de resistencia a la aplicación de los ritmos de obsolescencia, propios del actual modelo occidental de consumo de información, a nuestro pretérito. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es el de analizar las condiciones y potencialidades derivadas de la fijación en el pasado que caracteriza a algunas producciones culturales del exilio español de 1939. Profundizando en la noción de “temporalidad exílica”, recuperaremos el debate contemporáneo en torno a su proyección en la España democrática. Desde el interior del mismo, ofreceremos argumentos a través de una indagación filosófica sobre la noción de melancolía que intenta trascender los enfoques clásicos respecto a la misma. En base (...) a esta interpretación, defenderemos que la recuperación de un pretérito doloroso por parte de los exiliados que regresaron a España no es un índice de una memoria patológica y auto-complaciente. Al contrario, es la semilla para revelar los déficits y lagunas del proceso transicional español; en lo que se refiere a la recuperación simbólica y material de las víctimas asociadas al bando vencido en la guerra civil. (shrink)

This paper explores the contemporary phenomenological and psychoanalytical analyses of testimonies regarding traumatic historical events, with special attention to how such testimonies pose new challenges for the historiography of historical events in which witnesses participated. By exploring discussions on the memory of the Holocaust as well as the Spanish Civil War and Francoist repression, this paper addresses the extent to which the tensions and temporalities underlying the process of bearing witness to and giving testimony about traumatic historical events might reshape (...) how their history is being told, written, and remembered. (shrink)